Where it is
In the scrotum, outside the abdomen, where the temperature is about 2–3 °C lower than the core, ideal for sperm production. The epididymis lies along the back of each testis.
What it does
Seminiferous tubules produce sperm under FSH and testosterone; Leydig cells produce testosterone under LH.
Clinical relevance
- Undescended testes (cryptorchidism) increase the risk of infertility and cancer.
- Testicular cancer is most common between ages 15 and 35 and is highly curable when found early.
Nursing focus
- Teach monthly testicular self-exam: roll each testis between thumb and fingers and report any lump or heaviness.