Where it is
The internal jugular vein runs deep beside the carotid artery under the sternocleidomastoid; the external jugular vein runs more superficially across it.
What it does
Returns blood from the brain, face and neck to the superior vena cava. Their filling reflects right atrial pressure.
Clinical relevance
- Jugular venous distension (JVD) with the head of the bed at 30–45° suggests right-sided heart failure, fluid overload or cardiac tamponade.
- The internal jugular vein is a common site for central venous catheters.
Nursing focus
- Assess JVD with the client at 45°, head turned slightly away, and measure the height above the sternal angle.