Where it is
In the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, below the hypothalamus and just behind the optic chiasm.
What it does
Anterior pituitary: GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH and prolactin. Posterior pituitary: stores and releases ADH and oxytocin made by the hypothalamus.
Clinical relevance
- Pituitary tumors can cause hormone excess (for example acromegaly) and vision loss by pressing on the optic chiasm.
- Transsphenoidal surgery approaches the gland through the nose.
Nursing focus
- After transsphenoidal surgery: no coughing, sneezing, straws or bending; report clear nasal drainage (possible CSF leak) and watch urine output for diabetes insipidus.