Where it is
Usually two on the back of each thyroid lobe. (Illustrative shapes in this model.)
What it does
Release parathyroid hormone (PTH) when calcium is low. PTH frees calcium from bone, saves it in the kidneys and activates vitamin D.
Clinical relevance
- Hypoparathyroidism causes hypocalcemia: tingling, muscle cramps, tetany, seizures, laryngospasm.
- Hyperparathyroidism causes hypercalcemia: kidney stones, bone pain, constipation, confusion ("stones, bones, groans and moans").
Nursing focus
- Keep IV calcium gluconate available after thyroid or parathyroid surgery.