Where it is
The retina lines the back of the eye. The macula, at its center, gives sharp central vision. The optic nerve leaves the back of the eye, and the two nerves meet at the optic chiasm above the pituitary.
What it does
Rods and cones convert light into electrical signals that travel through the optic nerve and optic tracts to the occipital lobe.
Clinical relevance
- Pituitary tumors press on the optic chiasm and cause loss of peripheral vision in both temporal fields (bitemporal hemianopia).
- Papilledema (swelling of the optic disc) is a sign of increased intracranial pressure.
- Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness; clients with diabetes need yearly dilated eye exams.
Nursing focus
- Teach clients with diabetes and hypertension the importance of regular retinal exams.