Where it is
Behind the trachea and heart, about 25 cm long, passing through the diaphragm at the esophageal hiatus to join the stomach.
What it does
Moves food by peristalsis. The lower esophageal sphincter stops stomach contents from flowing back up.
Clinical relevance
- A weak lower esophageal sphincter causes GERD; long-term reflux can lead to Barrett's esophagus.
- Esophageal varices (enlarged veins from portal hypertension) can bleed massively.
- Dysphagia increases the risk of aspiration.
Nursing focus
- Keep clients upright for at least 30 minutes after taking pills such as bisphosphonates.
- Perform a swallow screen before oral intake after a stroke.